Volume 42 Issue 3
Mar.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Lei Lan, Youchuan Li, Zhigang Zhao, Shuchun Yang, Qing Lin, Weilai Zhang. The influence of organic sources and environments on source rock deposition during the periods of Cretaceous–Eocene and Oligocene–Miocene, northern Kalimantan[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(3): 54-64. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2080-7
Citation: Lei Lan, Youchuan Li, Zhigang Zhao, Shuchun Yang, Qing Lin, Weilai Zhang. The influence of organic sources and environments on source rock deposition during the periods of Cretaceous–Eocene and Oligocene–Miocene, northern Kalimantan[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(3): 54-64. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2080-7

The influence of organic sources and environments on source rock deposition during the periods of Cretaceous–Eocene and Oligocene–Miocene, northern Kalimantan

doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2080-7
Funds:  The National Science and Technology Major Project under contract No. 2016ZX05026-004.
More Information
  • Corresponding author: E-mail: lanlei@cnooc.com.cn
  • Received Date: 2022-02-17
  • Accepted Date: 2022-07-30
  • Available Online: 2022-10-13
  • Publish Date: 2023-03-25
  • The sedimentary system of Kalimantan has undergone significant development since the Oligocene. Previous research have largely ignored the capacity of the Cretaceous–Eocene sediments to produce hydrocarbons, focusing instead primarily on the Oligocene–Miocene coal as the principal source rocks. Shales and coals from the outcrops in the northern margin of Kalimantan were analyzed with palynological and geochemical methods to characterize the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological differences between the Cretaceous–Eocene and the Oligocene–Miocene samples. The high proportion of Cheirolepidoaceae, Schizaeoisporites and Ephedripites in the pollen assemblage from the Cretaceous–Eocene outcrops reflects an arid tropical/subtropical climate. The relatively low abundances of gymnosperm-derived biomarkers including isopimarane, β-phyllocladane, β-kaurane, suggest the gymnosperm features in flora. High C27/C29 ααα 20R sterane ratios, (C19–C29) tricyclic terpanes/C30 αβ hopane and extremely low oleanane/C30 αβ hopane, bicadinane T/C30 αβ hopane, and diterpenoid abundance indicate that there was a dominance of algae relative to higher plants in the organic matter. The gymnosperm-derived biomarkers, including isopimarane, β-phyllocladane, β-kaurane, suggest that palaeovegetation during this period was dominated by gymnosperms. The saline and reducing conditions in the bathyal and abysmal sea, evidenced by rather low Pr/Ph and high Gammarerane index, are beneficial for the preservation of hydrogen-rich organic matter. It is presumed that the Cretaceous–Eocene shales had great hydrocarbon generation potential in the southern South China Sea. During the period of Oligocene to Miocene in the Zengmu Basin and the Baram-Sabah Basin, the climate changed to a dominant humid and warm condition, which is corroborated by abundant pollen of Florschuetzia and Magnastriatites hawardi. Low C27/C29 ααα 20R sterane ratios, (C19–C29) tricyclic terpanes/C30 αβ hopane, and high oleanane/C30 αβ hopane, bicadinane T/C30 αβ hopane suggest that the palaeovegetation was dominated by angiosperms including the mangrove plants. The extremely abundant higher plants provide ample terrigenous organic matter for the formation of coal-measures in delta facies. The low gammacerane index and high Pr/Ph indicate the fresh and sub-oxic water in delta-neritic-abysmal faces, which is not beneficial for the accumulation of hydrogen-rich organic matter. Thus, the Oligocene–Miocene marine argillaceous rocks can be potential sources of natural gas.
  • loading
  • Ahmed N, Siddiqui N A, Rahman A H B A, et al. 2021. Evaluation of hydrocarbon source rock potential: deep marine shales of Belaga Formation of late Cretaceous-late Eocene, Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 33(1): 101268. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101268
    Axsmith B J, Jacobs B F. 2005. The conifer Frenelopsis ramosissima (cheirolepidiaceae) in the lower Cretaceous of Texas: systematic, biogeographical, and paleoecological implications. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 166(2): 327–337. doi: 10.1086/427202
    Azevedo D A, Aquino Neto F R, Simoneit B R T, et al. 1992. Novel series of tricyclic aromatic terpanes characterized in Tasmanian tasmanite. Organic Geochemistry, 18(1): 9–16. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(92)90138-N
    Berhad P N. 1999. The Petroleum Geology and Resources of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Petroliam Nasional Berhad
    Briais A, Patriat P, Tapponnier P. 1993. Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea: implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 98(B4): 6299–6328. doi: 10.1029/92JB02280
    Burger D. 1980. Palynological studies in the Lower Cretaceous of the Surat Basin, Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing, 70–75
    Damsté J S S, Kenig F, Koopmans M P, et al. 1995. Evidence for gammacerane as an indicator of water column stratification. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(9): 1895–1900. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00073-9
    Dettmann M E, Molnar R E, Douglas J G, et al. 1992. Australian Cretaceous terrestrial faunas and floras: biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications. Cretaceous Research, 13(3): 207–262. doi: 10.1016/0195-6671(92)90001-7
    Didyk B M, Simoneit B R T, Brassell S C, et al. 1978. Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation. Nature, 272(5650): 216–222. doi: 10.1038/272216a0
    Ding Qiuhong, Zhang Lidong. 2004. Spore-pollen flora as the indicator of paleoclimate condition in the Yixian Formation, western Liaoning Province. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 21(3): 332–341
    Guo Xiurong, Wu Qiang, Qiu Yan, et al. 2006. Analysis of the shelf-margin delta in the south of Zengmu Basin, South China Sea. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 26(4): 1–6
    Guy-Ohlson D. 1988. Developmental stages in the life cycle of Mesozoic Tasmanites. Botanica Marina, 31(5): 447–456
    Hall R. 2002. Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20(4): 353–431. doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00069-4
    Hall R, Breitfeld H T. 2017. Nature and demise of the Proto-South China Sea. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 63: 61–76. doi: 10.7186/bgsm63201703
    Hoorn C, Straathof J, Abels H A, et al. 2012. A late Eocene palynological record of climate change and Tibetan Plateau uplift (Xining Basin, China). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 344–345: 16–38
    Jiang Lian, George S C. 2018. Biomarker signatures of upper Cretaceous Latrobe Group hydrocarbon source rocks, Gippsland Basin, Australia: distribution and palaeoenvironment significance of aliphatic hydrocarbons. International Journal of Coal Geology, 196: 29–42. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.025
    Killops S D, Raine J I, Woolhouse A D, et al. 1995. Chemostratigraphic evidence of higher-plant evolution in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Organic Geochemistry, 23(5): 429–445. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(95)00019-B
    Knoll A H, Summons R E, Waldbauer J R, et al. 2007. The geological succession of primary producers in the oceans. In: Falkowski P G, Knoll A H, eds. Evolution of Primary Producers in the Sea. Boston: Academic Press, 133–163
    Lan Lei. 2019. Controlling factors for different hydrocarbon distribution in basins in southern South China Sea. Geological Science and Technology Information, 38(4): 23–29
    Lei Zuoqi. 1998. The tertiary and the distribution regularity of mangrove sporopollen in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Guangdong Geology, 13(2): 49–54
    Li Wenben, Liu Zhaosheng. 1994. The cretaceous palynofloras and their bearing on stratigraphic correlation in China. Cretaceous Research, 15(3): 333–365. doi: 10.1006/cres.1994.1021
    Li Youchuan, Zhao Zhigang, Lan Lei, et al. 2021. Differential distribution of oil and gas in the Zengmu Basin and the Brunei-Sabah Basin under the joint control of source rock and thermal evolution degree. Natural Gas Industry, 41(11): 24–32
    Mao Limi, Foong S Y. 2013. Tracing ancestral biogeography of Sonneratia based on fossil pollen and their probable modern analogues. Palaeoworld, 22(3/4): 133–143
    Mkpong E O, Nnakenyi N I, Essien A E, et al. 2019. The occurrences of belskipollis elegans and magnastriatites howardi: a review of their usage for zonation in the middle Miocene of the Niger Delta. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6(10): 199–208
    Morley R J. 1977. Palynology of tertiary and quaternary sediments in Southeast Asia. In: 6th Annual Convention Proceedings. Jakarta:Indonesian Petroleum Association, 255–276
    Morley R J. 2018. Assembly and division of the South and South-East Asian flora in relation to tectonics and climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 34(4): 209–234. doi: 10.1017/S0266467418000202
    Mustapha K A, Abdullah W H, Konjing Z, et al. 2017. Organic geochemistry and palynology of coals and coal-bearing mangrove sediments of the Neogene Sandakan Formation, Northeast Sabah, Malaysia. CATENA, 158: 30–45. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2017.06.005
    OláníyìOdébòdé M. 1987. Palynological dating of the Lamja Sandstone (Benue Basin, Nigeria) and its geological significance. Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), 6(4): 421–426. doi: 10.1016/0899-5362(87)90085-6
    Otto A, Wilde V. 2001. Sesqui-, Di-, and triterpenoids as chemosystematic markers in extant conifers—a review. The Botanical Review, 67(2): 141–238. doi: 10.1007/BF02858076
    Peters K E, Walters C C, Moldowan J M. 2005. The Biomarker Guide: Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press
    Salasoo I. 1984. Structure analysis of rimuene by 13C nmr spectroscopy. Phytochemistry, 23(1): 192–193. doi: 10.1016/0031-9422(84)83110-6
    Shanmugam G. 1985. Significance of coniferous rain forests and related organic matter in generating commercial quantities of oil, Gippsland Basin, Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 69(8): 1241–1254
    Sia S G, Abdullah W H, Konjing Z, et al. 2014. The age, palaeoclimate, palaeovegetation, coal seam architecture/mire types, paleodepositional environments and thermal maturity of syn-collision paralic coal from Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 81: 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.11.014
    Tan D N K. 1982. The Lubok Antu Melange, Lupar valley, West Sarawak: a lower tertiary subduction complex. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 15: 31–46. doi: 10.7186/bgsm15198204
    Togunwa O S, Abdullah W H, Hakimi M H, et al. 2015. Organic geochemical and petrographic characteristics of Neogene organic-rich sediments from the onshore West Baram Delta Province, Sarawak Basin: implications for source rocks and hydrocarbon generation potential. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 63: 115–126. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.02.032
    Umetsu K, Matsuoka A. 2003. Early Cretaceous fossil spores and pollen from the Tetori Group in the upper reaches of the Kuzuryu River, Fukui Prefecture, central Japan. The Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 109(7): 420–423. doi: 10.5575/geosoc.109.420
    Umetsu K, Sato Y. 2007. Early Cretaceous terrestrial palynomorph assemblages from the Miyako and Tetori Groups, Japan, and their implication to paleophytogeographic provinces. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 144(1–2): 13–24
    van Aarssen B G K, Hessels J K C, Abbink O A, et al. 1992. The occurrence of polycyclic sesqui-, tri-, and oligoterpenoids derived from a resinous polymeric cadinene in crude oils from Southeast Asia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56(3): 1231–1246. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90059-R
    Vigran J O, Mørk A, Forsberg A W, et al. 2008. Tasmanites algae—contributors to the middle Triassic hydrocarbon source rocks of Svalbard and the Barents Shelf. Polar Research, 27(3): 360–371. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00084.x
    Volkman J K. 1986. A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter. Organic Geochemistry, 9(2): 83–99. doi: 10.1016/0146-6380(86)90089-6
    Wan Hasiah A. 1999. Oil-generating potential of Tertiary coals and other organic-rich sediments of the Nyalau Formation, onshore Sarawak. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 17(1–2): 255–267
    Wan Hasiah A, Lee C P, Gou P, et al. 2013. Coal-bearing strata of Labuan: mode of occurrences, organic petrographic characteristics and stratigraphic associations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 76: 334–345. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.05.017
    Wang Pengcheng, Li Su, Guo Lingli, et al. 2016. Mesozoic and Cenozoic accretionary orogenic processes in Borneo and their mechanisms. Geological Journal, 51(S1): 464–489
    Wang Yibo, Zhao Zhigang, Xie Xiaojun, et al. 2020. Cenozoic sedimentary fillings and development characteristics of source rocks in main basins in central-southern South China Sea. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 32(6): 12–21
    Wang Zhanchang, Lin Yiming, Feng Danqin, et al. 2009. A new atisane-type diterpene from the bark of the mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha. Molecules, 14(1): 414–422. doi: 10.3390/molecules14010414
    Watson J. 1988. The cheirolepidiaceae. In: Beck C B, ed. Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms. New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press, 382–447
    Zahirovic S, Seton M, Müller R D. 2014. The Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia. Solid Earth, 5(1): 227–273. doi: 10.5194/se-5-227-2014
    Zhang Gongcheng, Feng Congjun, Yao Xingzong, et al. 2021a. Petroleum geology in deepwater settings in a passive continental margin of a marginal sea: a case study from the South China Sea. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 95(1): 1–20. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.14621
    Zhang Gongcheng, Jia Qingjun, Wang Wanyin, et al. 2018. On tectonic framework and evolution of the South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 61(10): 4194–4215
    Zhang Gongcheng, Wang Dongdong, Lan Lei, et al. 2021b. The geological characteristics of the large- and medium-sized gas fields in the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 40(2): 1–12. doi: 10.1007/s13131-021-1754-x
    Zhong Xiaoyong, Yuan Qin, Qin Zhanjie, et al. 2012. The sporo-pollen analyses and ore-forming age of Nong Bok formation in Khammouane, Laos. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 33(3): 323–330
    Zhou Hantao, Lin Peng. 2001. Analysis on genetic diversity of mangrove species of Sonneratia and relationship to plant introduction. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 20(3): 427–434
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(8)  / Tables(1)

    Article Metrics

    Article views (441) PDF downloads(43) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return