Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products

Tengfei Xu; Zexun Wei; Haifeng Zhao; Sheng Guan; Shujiang Li; Guanlin Wang; Fei Teng; Yongchui Zhang; Jing Wang

doi:10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6

Volume 43 Issue 1

Jan. 2024

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2024 > 43(1): 80-98

Tengfei Xu, Zexun Wei, Haifeng Zhao, Sheng Guan, Shujiang Li, Guanlin Wang, Fei Teng, Yongchui Zhang, Jing Wang. Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2024, 43(1): 80-98. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6

Citation:

Tengfei Xu, Zexun Wei, Haifeng Zhao, Sheng Guan, Shujiang Li, Guanlin Wang, Fei Teng, Yongchui Zhang, Jing Wang. Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2024, 43(1): 80-98. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6

Citation:

Tengfei Xu, Zexun Wei, Haifeng Zhao, Sheng Guan, Shujiang Li, Guanlin Wang, Fei Teng, Yongchui Zhang, Jing Wang. Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2024, 43(1): 80-98. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6

PDF( 7323 KB)

Simulated Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait across the SODA3 products

doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2186-6

Tengfei Xu^{1, 2},
Zexun Wei^{1, 2
,
,},
Haifeng Zhao¹,
Sheng Guan^{1, 2},
Shujiang Li^{1, 2},
Guanlin Wang^{1, 2},
Fei Teng^{1, 2},
Yongchui Zhang³,
Jing Wang⁴

1.
First Institute of Oceanography/Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
3.
College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
4.
CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China

Funds: The Fund of Laoshan Laboratory under contract No. LSKJ202202700; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076023, 42076024 and 41876027; the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Project under contract No. GASI-01-AIP-STwin.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: weizx@fio.org.cn
Received Date: 2022-12-23
Accepted Date: 2023-03-15

Available Online: 2023-05-26

Publish Date: 2024-01-01

Abstract

Abstract

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which connects the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans, plays important roles in the inter-ocean water exchange and regional or even global climate variability. The Makassar Strait is the main inflow passage of the ITF, carrying about 77% of the total ITF volume transport. In this study, we analyze the simulated ITF in the Makassar Strait in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3 (SODA3) datasets. A total of nine ensemble members of the SODA3 datasets, of which are driven by different surface forcings and bulk formulas, and with or without data assimilation, are used in this study. The annual mean water transports (i.e., volume, heat and freshwater) are related to the combination of surface forcing and bulk formula, as well as whether data assimilation is employed. The phases of the seasonal and interannual variability in water transports cross the Makassar Strait, are basically consistent with each other among the SODA3 ensemble members. The interannual variability in Makassar Strait volume and heat transports are significantly correlated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at time lags of −6 to 7 months. There is no statistically significant correlation between the freshwater transport and the ENSO. The Makassar Strait water transports are not significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which may attribute to model deficiency in simulating the propagation of semi-annual Kelvin waves from the Indian Ocean to the Makassar Strait.
- Indonesian Throughflow,
- Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA),
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO),
- Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD),
- data assimilation

FullText(HTML)

References(83)

References

Atlas R, Hoffman R N, Ardizzone J, et al. 2011. A cross-calibrated, multiplatform ocean surface wind velocity product for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92(2): 157–174, doi: 10.1175/2010BAMS2946.1

Balmaseda M A, Mogensen K, Weaver A T. 2013. Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139(674): 1132–1161, doi: 10.1002/qj.2063

Balmaseda M A, Vidard A, Anderson D L T. 2008. The ECMWF ocean analysis system: ORA-S3. Monthly Weather Review, 136(8): 3018–3034, doi: 10.1175/2008MWR2433.1

Bleck R, Boudra D B. 1981. Initial testing of a numerical ocean circulation model using a hybrid (quasi-isopycnic) vertical coordinate. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(6): 755–770, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0755:ITOANO>2.0.CO;2

Boyer T P, Antonov J I, Baranova O K, et al. 2013. World ocean database 2013. Silver Spring: National Oceanographic Data Center Ocean Climate Laboratory

Broecker W S. 1991. The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography, 4(2): 79–89, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.1991.07

Carton J A, Chepurin G A, Chen Ligang. 2018. SODA3: a new ocean climate reanalysis. Journal of Climate, 31(17): 6967–6983, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0149.1

Carton J A, Giese B S. 2008. A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA). Monthly Weather Review, 136(8): 2999–3017, doi: 10.1175/2007MWR1978.1

Casey K S, Brandon T B, Cornillon P, et al. 2010. The past, present, and future of the AVHRR Pathfinder SST Program. In: Barale V, Gower J F R, Alberotanza L, eds. Oceanography from Space: Revisited. Dordrecht: Springer, 273–287,

Dee D P, Uppala S M, Simmons A J, et al. 2011. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137(656): 553–597, doi: 10.1002/qj.828

Delworth T L, Rosati A, Anderson W, et al. 2012. Simulated climate and climate change in the GFDL CM2.5 high-resolution coupled climate model. Journal of Climate, 25(8): 2755–2781, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00316.1

Du Yan, Qu Tangdong. 2010. Three inflow pathways of the Indonesian throughflow as seen from the simple ocean data assimilation. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2): 233–256, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.04.001

Dussin R, Barnier B, Brodeau L, et al. 2016. The making of the DRAKKAR FORCING SET DFS5. Grenoble, France: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement

Fairall C W, Bradley E F, Hare J E, et al. 2003. Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. Journal of Climate, 16(4): 571–591, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0571:BPOASF>2.0.CO;2

Fang Guohong, Susanto R D, Wirasantosa S, et al. 2010. Volume, heat, and freshwater transports from the South China Sea to Indonesian seas in the boreal winter of 2007–2008. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115(C12): C12020, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006225

Feng Ming, Zhang Ningning, Liu Qinyan, et al. 2018. The Indonesian throughflow, its variability and centennial change. Geoscience Letters, 5(1): 3, doi: 10.1186/s40562-018-0102-2

Gelaro R, McCarty W, Suárez M J, et al. 2017. The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Journal of Climate, 30(14): 5419–5454, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1

Godfrey J S. 1989. A Sverdrup model of the depth-integrated flow for the world ocean allowing for island circulations. Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 45(1–2): 89–112,

Gordon A L. 1986. Interocean exchange of thermocline water. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 91(C4): 5037–5046, doi: 10.1029/JC091iC04p05037

Gordon A L. 2005. Oceanography of the Indonesian seas and their throughflow. Oceanography, 18(4): 14–27, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2005.01

Gordon A L, Fine R A. 1996. Pathways of water between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Indonesian seas. Nature, 379(6561): 146–149, doi: 10.1038/379146a0

Gordon A L, Huber B A, Metzger E J, et al. 2012. South China Sea throughflow impact on the Indonesian throughflow. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(11): L11602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052021

Gordon A L, Napitu A, Huber B A, et al. 2019. Makassar Strait throughflow seasonal and interannual variability: an overview. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(6): 3724–3736, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014502

Gordon A L, Sprintall J, Van Aken H M, et al. 2010. The Indonesian throughflow during 2004–2006 as observed by the INSTANT program. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2): 115–128, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2009.12.002

Gordon A L, Susanto R D, Ffield A. 1999. Throughflow within Makassar Strait. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(21): 3325–3328, doi: 10.1029/1999GL002340

Griffies S M, Biastoch A, Böning C, et al. 2009. Coordinated ocean-ice reference experiments (COREs). Ocean Modelling, 26(1–2): 1–46,

Gruenburg L K, Gordon A L. 2018. Variability in Makassar Strait heat flux and its effect on the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Oceanography, 31(2): 80–87, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2018.220

Harada Y, Kamahori H, Kobayashi C, et al. 2016. The JRA-55 Reanalysis: representation of atmospheric circulation and climate variability. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 94(3): 269–302, doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2016-015

Hirst A C, Godfrey J S. 1993. The role of Indonesian throughflow in a global ocean GCM. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23(6): 1057–1086, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1057:TROITI>2.0.CO;2

Hu Shijian, Sprintall J. 2016. Interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow: the salinity effect. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 121(4): 2596–2615, doi: 10.1002/2015jc011495

Hu Shijian, Sprintall J. 2017. Observed strengthening of interbasin exchange via the Indonesian seas due to rainfall intensification. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(3): 1448–1456, doi: 10.1002/2016gl072494

Humphries U W, Webb D J. 2008. On the Indonesian Throughflow in the OCCAM 1/4 degree ocean model. Ocean Science, 4(3): 183–198, doi: 10.5194/os-4-183-2008

Ilahude A G, Gordon A L. 1996. Thermocline stratification within the Indonesian Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 101(C5): 12401–12409, doi: 10.1029/95JC03798

Jiang Guoqing, Wei Jun, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, et al. 2019. Seasonal and interannual variability of the subsurface velocity profile of the Indonesian throughflow at Makassar Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(12): 9644–9657, doi: 10.1029/2018jc014884

Kobayashi S, Ota Y, Harada Y, et al. 2015. The JRA-55 Reanalysis: general specifications and basic characteristics. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 93(1): 5–48, doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2015-001

Large W G, Yeager S G. 2004. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies. Boulder: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Large W G, Yeager S G. 2009. The global climatology of an interannually varying air–sea flux data set. Climate Dynamics, 33(2): 341–364, doi: 10.1007/s00382-008-0441-3

Lee T, Awaji T, Balmaseda M, et al. 2010. Consistency and fidelity of Indonesian-throughflow total volume transport estimated by 14 ocean data assimilation products. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2): 201–223, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2009.12.004

Lee T, Fournier S, Gordon A L, et al. 2019. Maritime Continent water cycle regulates low-latitude chokepoint of global ocean circulation. Nature Communications, 10(1): 2103, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10109-z

Li Mingting, Gordon A L, Gruenburg L K, et al. 2020. Interannual to decadal response of the Indonesian Throughflow vertical profile to Indo-Pacific forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(11): e2020GL087679, doi: 10.1029/2020GL087679

Li Mingting, Wei Jun, Wang Dongxiao, et al. 2019. Exploring the importance of the Mindoro-Sibutu pathway to the upper-layer circulation of the South China Sea and the Indonesian throughflow. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(7): 5054–5066, doi: 10.1029/2018jc014910

Liang Linlin, Xue Huijie, Shu Yeqiang. 2019. The Indonesian throughflow and the circulation in the Banda Sea: a modeling study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(5): 3089–3106, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014926

Liu Yun, Feng Ming, Church J, et al. 2005. Effect of salinity on estimating geostrophic transport of the Indonesian throughflow along the IX1 XBT section. Journal of Oceanography, 61(4): 795–801, doi: 10.1007/s10872-005-0086-3

Liu Qinyan, Feng Ming, Wang Dongxiao, et al. 2015. Interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow transport: a revisit based on 30 year expendable bathythermograph data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(12): 8270–8282, doi: 10.1002/2015JC011351

Mears C A, Scott J, Wentz F J, et al. 2019. A near-real-time version of the cross-calibrated multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind velocity data set. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(10): 6997–7010, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015367

Metzger E J, Hurlburt H E, Xu Xiaobiao, et al. 2010. Simulated and observed circulation in the Indonesian Seas: 1/12° global HYCOM and the INSTANT observations. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2): 275–300, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.04.002

Meyers G, Bailey R J, Worby A P. 1995. Geostrophic transport of Indonesian Throughflow. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 42(7): 1163–1174, doi: 10.1016/0967-0637(95)00037-7

Napitu A M, Pujiana K, Gordon A L. 2019. The Madden-Julian Oscillation’s impact on the Makassar Strait surface layer transport. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(6): 3538–3550, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014729

Nie Xunwei, Gao Shan, Wang Fan, et al. 2019. Origins and pathways of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent identified by a simulated adjoint tracer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(4): 2331–2347, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014212

Nur’utami M N, Hidayat R. 2016. Influences of IOD and ENSO to Indonesian rainfall variability: role of atmosphere-ocean interaction in the Indo-Pacific Sector. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33: 196–203, doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.070

Peng Qihua, Xie Shangping, Huang Ruixin, et al. 2023. Indonesian throughflow slowdown under global warming: remote AMOC effect versus regional surface forcing. Journal of Climate, 36(5): 1301–1318,

Potemra J. 2005. Indonesian Throughflow transport variability estimated from satellite altimetry. Oceanography, 18(4): 98–107, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2005.10

Pujiana K, Gordon A L, Sprintall J. 2013. Intraseasonal Kelvin wave in Makassar Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(4): 2023–2034, doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20069

Pujiana K, McPhaden M J. 2020. Intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Indian ocean and their propagation into the Indonesian seas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125(5): e2019JC015839, doi: 10.1029/2019JC015839

Pujiana K, McPhaden M J, Gordon A L, et al. 2019. Unprecedented response of Indonesian throughflow to anomalous Indo-Pacific climatic forcing in 2016. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(6): 3737–3754, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014574

Saji N H, Goswami B N, Vinayachandran P N, et al. 1999. A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean. Nature, 401(6751): 360–363, doi: 10.1038/43854

Schiller A, Godfrey J S, McIntosh P C, et al. 1998. Seasonal near-surface dynamics and thermodynamics of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Throughflow in a global ocean general circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28(11): 2288–2312, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2288:SNSDAT>2.0.CO;2

Song Qian, Gordon A L, Visbeck M. 2004. Spreading of the Indonesian throughflow in the Indian Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34(4): 772–792, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0772:SOTITI>2.0.CO;2

Sprintall J, Gordon A L, Wijffels S E, et al. 2019. Detecting change in the Indonesian seas. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6: 257, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00257

Sprintall J, Révelard A. 2014. The Indonesian throughflow response to Indo-Pacific climate variability. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(2): 1161–1175, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009533

Sprintall J, Wijffels S, Gordon A L, et al. 2004. INSTANT: a new international array to measure the Indonesian Throughflow. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 85(39): 369–376,

Sprintall J, Wijffels S E, Molcard R, et al. 2009. Direct estimates of the Indonesian Throughflow entering the Indian Ocean: 2004–2006. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 114(C7): C07001, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005257

Susanto R D, Ffield A, Gordon A L, et al. 2012. Variability of Indonesian throughflow within Makassar Strait, 2004–2009. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 117(C9): C09013, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008096

Susanto R D, Gordon A L. 2005. Velocity and transport of the Makassar Strait throughflow. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 110(C1): C01005, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002425

Susanto R D, Song Y T. 2015. Indonesian throughflow proxy from satellite altimeters and gravimeters. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(4): 2844–2855, doi: 10.1002/2014jc010382

Susanto R D, Wei Zexun, Adi R T, et al. 2013. Observations of the Karimata Strait throughflow from December 2007 to November 2008. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(5): 1–6, doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0307-3

Talley L D. 2013. Closure of the global overturning circulation through the Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans: schematics and transports. Oceanography, 26(1): 80–97, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2013.07

Tillinger D, Gordon A L. 2009. Fifty years of the Indonesian throughflow. Journal of Climate, 22(23): 6342–6355, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI2981.1

Tillinger D, Gordon A L. 2010. Transport weighted temperature and internal energy transport of the Indonesian throughflow. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50(2): 224–232, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2010.01.002

Tsujino H, Urakawa S, Nakano H, et al. 2018. JRA-55 based surface dataset for driving ocean–sea-ice models (JRA55-do). Ocean Modelling, 130: 79–139, doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.07.002

van Sebille E, Sprintall J, Schwarzkopf F U, et al. 2014. Pacific-to-Indian Ocean connectivity: Tasman leakage, Indonesian Throughflow, and the role of ENSO. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(2): 1365–1382, doi: 10.1002/2013JC009525

Wang Yan, Xu Tengfei, Li Shujiang, et al. 2019. Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(4): 47–57, doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1224-2

Wei Jun, Li Mingting, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, et al. 2016. Opposite variability of Indonesian Throughflow and South China Sea throughflow in the Sulawesi Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(10): 3165–3180, doi: 10.1175/jpo-d-16-0132.1

Wei Zexun, Li Shujiang, Susanto R D, et al. 2019. An overview of 10-year observation of the South China Sea branch of the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow at the Karimata Strait. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(4): 1–11, doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1410-x

Wijffels S E, Meyers G, Godfrey J S. 2008. A 20-Yr average of the Indonesian throughflow: regional currents and the interbasin exchange. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 38(9): 1965–1978, doi: 10.1175/2008jpo3987.1

Woodruff S D, Worley S J, Lubker S J, et al. 2011. ICOADS Release 2.5: extensions and enhancements to the surface marine meteorological archive. International Journal of Climatology, 31(7): 951–967, doi: 10.1002/joc.2103

Wyrtki K. 1961. Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian Waters. La Jolla: Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Wyrtki K. 1987. Indonesian through flow and the associated pressure gradient. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 92(C12): 12941–12946, doi: 10.1029/JC092iC12p12941

Xie Tengxiang, Newton R, Schlosser P, et al. 2019. Long-term mean mass, heat and nutrient flux through the Indonesian seas, based on the tritium inventory in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(6): 3859–3875, doi: 10.1029/2018jc014863

Xu Tengfei, Wei Zexun, Susanto R D, et al. 2021. Observed water exchange between the South China Sea and Java Sea through Karimata Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(2): e2020JC016608, doi: 10.1029/2020JC016608

Yuan Dongliang, Zhou Hui, Zhao Xia. 2013. Interannual climate variability over the tropical Pacific Ocean induced by the Indian Ocean dipole through the Indonesian Throughflow. Journal of Climate, 26(9): 2845–2861, doi: 10.1175/jcli-d-12-00117.1

Zhang Tiecheng, Wang Weiqiang, Xie Qiang, et al. 2019. Heat contribution of the Indonesian throughflow to the Indian Ocean. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 38(4): 72–79, doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1414-6

Zhao Yunxia, Wei Zexun, Wang Yonggang, et al. 2015. Correlation analysis of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation and the Indonesian Throughflow. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(9): 1–11, doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0736-2

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views