Preliminary results of the global ocean tide derived from HY-2A radar altimeter data
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Abstract: The HY-2A satellite, which is equipped with a radar altimeter and was launched on August 16, 2011, is the first Chinese marine dynamic environmental monitoring satellite. Extracting ocean tides is one of the important applications of the radar altimeter data. The radar altimeter data of the HY-2A satellite from November 1, 2011 to August 16, 2014 are used herein to extract global ocean tides. The constants representing the tidal constituents are extracted by HY-2A RA data with harmonic analysis based on the least squares method. Considering tide aliasing issues, the analysis of the alias periods and alias synodic periods of different tidal constituents shows that only the tidal constituents M2, N2, and K2 are retrieved precisely by the HY-2A RA data. The derived tidal constants of the tidal constituents M2, N2 and K2 are compared to those of tidal gauge data and the TPXO tide model results. The comparison between the derived results and the tidal gauge data shows that the RMSEs of the tidal amplitude and phase lag are 9.6 cm and 13.34°, 2.4 cm and 10.47°, and 8.1 cm and 14.19° for tidal constituents M2, N2, and K2, respectively. The comparisons of the semidiurnal tides with the TPXO model results show that tidal constituents have good consistency with the TPXO model results. These findings confirm the good performance of HY-2A RA for retrieving semidiurnal tides in the global ocean.
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Key words:
- HY-2A satellite /
- radar altimeter /
- ocean tide /
- tide analysis
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Figure 1. Sketch map of the ground tracks of the HY-2A RA in the northern Pacific Ocean. The black lines show the ground tracks of the HY-2A RA.
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of the tidal constant data used in the study. The triangles indicate the locations of the tidal gauges.
Figure 4. Time series sea level anomaly (SLA) data obtained at one HY-2A RA measurement point.
Figure 5. Comparisons of the tidal constants of the tidal constituents M2, N2 and K2 between the retrieved results and tidal gauge data.
Figure 6. Comparisons of the tidal constants of the tidal constituents M2, N2 and K2 between the retrieved results and the TPXO model results.
Figure 7. Comparison of the M2 cotidal chart between the tidal constants retrieved by the HY-2A RA (a) and the TPXO model (b). The lines show the phase lag distributions (in (°)), and the colors show the amplitudes.
Table 1. Initial phase and angular speed of the tidal constituents
Tidal constituent V0 /(°) $\omega $/((°)·h−1) M2 360−2s+2h1 28.984 104 24 S2 360 30.000 000 00 K2 360+2h1 30.082 137 28 N2 360−3s+2h1+p 28.439 729 54 K1 90+h1 15.041 068 64 O1 270−2s+h1 13.943 035 59 P1 270−h1 14.958 931 36 Q1 270−3s+h1+p 13.398 660 88 
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Table 2. Tidal periods and alias periods of the HY-2A RA
M2 S2 K2 N2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 Tidal period/d 0.517 53 0.5 0.498 63 0.527 43 0.997 27 1.075 81 0.498 63 0.527 43 Alias period/d 270.13 infinity 182.62 30.68 365.23 1 036.74 365.79 28.31
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Table 3. HY-2A alias synodic periods of each pair of constituents (years)
M2 S2 K2 N2 K1 O1 P1 Q1 M2 − 0.74 1.54 0.09 2.84 1.00 2.83 0.09 S2 0.74 − 0.50 0.08 1.00 2.84 1.00 0.08 K2 1.54 0.50 − 0.10 0.09 0.61 1.00 0.09 N2 0.09 0.08 0.10 − 0.09 0.09 0.09 1.00 K1 2.84 1.00 1.00 − 1.54 653.36 0.08 O1 1.00 2.84 0.61 0.09 1.54 − 1.55 0.08 P1 2.83 1.00 1.00 0.09 653.36 1.55 − 0.08 Q1 0.09 0.08 0.09 1.00 0.08 0.08 0.08 − Note: − represents no data.
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