Long-term and monthly changes in abundance, size composition and spatial distribution of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea
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Abstract: With the decline in fish resources worldwide, the ecological dominance and economic importance of crustaceans have obviously increased. Among crustacean species, mantis shrimps are increasingly dominant in many coastal waters of the world. In China, Oratosquilla oratoria is the most widely distributed and productive species of mantis shrimp, and its relative resource density is the highest in the Bohai Sea. In this study, we analysed the long-term and monthly population characteristics of O. oratoria in the Bohai Sea, including its relative resource density, body size and spatial distribution. The results showed that the relative resource density of O. oratoria in the Bohai Sea increased from 3.59 kg/h in 1982 to 14.48 kg/h in 2018, and the percentage of this species that serves as a fishery resource increased from 4.22% in 1982 to 35.27% in 2018, based on the mean relative resource density in May and August. The relative resource density of O. oratoria in the fishing moratorium season from May to August was significantly higher than that in the other months of fishing season, and the relative resource density decreased rapidly after the fishing moratorium ended. The relative resource density of O. oratoria was the highest in summer (August), followed by in autumn (October) and spring (May), and it was the lowest in winter (January). The relative resource density of O. oratoria in the western Bohai Sea was higher than that in the eastern Bohai Sea. The mean body weight of O. oratoria in the Bohai Sea decreased from 21.95 g in 1982 to 14.34 g in 2018, based on the mean body weight in May and August. The body size of O. oratoria in the fishing moratorium season was significantly higher than that in the fishing season, and the body size decreased rapidly after the fishing moratorium ended. Overall, in the context of declining resources of most fishery species, the relative resource density of O. oratoria increased due to its hardiness and adaptability, and its body size decreased under intensive fishing over the past 30 years. The fishing moratorium system had a great influence on the population dynamics of O. oratoria in terms of the relative resource density and body size in the Bohai Sea.
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Figure 2. Long-term changes in relative resource density and the percentage of Oratosquilla oratoria accounting for the fishery resources in the Bohai Sea from 1982 to 2018.
Figure 3. Monthly changes in biomass densities of Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea in 2017. The fishing moratorium season is from May 1 to September 1.
Figure 4. Long-term changes in the mean body weight of Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea.
Figure 5. Monthly changes in the mean body weight of Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea in 2017.
Figure 6. Body length of Oratosquilla oratoria in different months from 2013 to 2019 in the Bohai Sea.
Figure 7. Spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea from 1982 to 2018.
Table 1. The number of Oratosquilla oratoria used to obtain the mean body weight in May and August from 1982 to 2018
Survey time (May/Year) 1982 1993 1998 2004 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Individual number 3 854 3 522 3 241 830 190 57 614 3 228 5 832 50 985 8 193 Survey time (August/Year) 1982 1992 1998 2009 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Individual number 14 920 13 368 1 822 31 975 1 877 723 21 804 20 977 33 180 51 331 66 606 
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Table 2. The number of Oratosquilla oratoria used to obtain the mean body weight in different months of 2017
Survey time March April May June July August September October November Individual number 610 1 435 50 985 39 580 72 400 51 331 16 072 10 068 3 123
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Table 3. The number of randomly selected samples for body length in different months from 2013 to 2019
Year March April May June July August September October November 2013 − − − − − 180 − − − 2014 − − − 115 − − − − − 2016 − − − − − − − 865 − 2017 101 372 1 131 1 696 1 486 1 576 199 448 431 2018 − − 1 357 − − − − 49 − 2019 − − 216 175 1 098 1 024 − − − Note: − represents no data.
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