A speckle noise suppression method based on surface waves investigation and monitoring data

Jingwei Gu Xiuzhong Li Yijun He

Jingwei Gu, Xiuzhong Li, Yijun He. A speckle noise suppression method based on surface waves investigation and monitoring data[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(1): 131-141. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2103-4
Citation: Jingwei Gu, Xiuzhong Li, Yijun He. A speckle noise suppression method based on surface waves investigation and monitoring data[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2023, 42(1): 131-141. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2103-4

doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2103-4

A speckle noise suppression method based on surface waves investigation and monitoring data

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  • Figure  1.  Horizontal sampling of wave investigation and monitoring data (Tison et al., 2019).

    Figure  2.  Fluctuation spectrum of speckle background and fitting of background speckle noise. The abscissa represents the wavenumber, the ordinate represents the spectral energy, the three curves in different colors represent speckle noise in three cases, and the three black lines are the fitting of their curves according to Eq. (2) when wavenumber is from 0.05 to 0.3.

    Figure  3.  Average of fluctuation spectra of Class 19. The x and y axes represent wave numbers; the gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The lines through the center represent different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region.

    Figure  4.  Real wave information of Class 19. The x and y axes represent wave numbers; the gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The lines through the center represent different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (10−3 ~m2) of the corresponding region.

    Figure  5.  2D directional wave spectrum denoised using the spectral classification-threshold control method. “Leftbox220” in the title means that it is the 220th left box in this orbit data; “2019.06.06 03:05:30.2 UTC” represents the average time of this box, “lon” and “lat” represent longitude and latitude, respectively, and x and y axes represent the wavenumbers. The gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The line through the center represents different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region. SWH: significant wave height; DWAL: dominant wavelength; DWAD: dominant wave direction.

    Figure  6.  2D directional wave spectrum without denoising. “Leftbox220” in the title means that it is the 220th left box in this orbit data; “2019.06.06 03:05:30.2 UTC” represents the average time of this box, “lon” and “lat” represent longitude and latitude, respectively, and x and y axes represent the wavenumbers. The gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The line through the center represents different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region. SWH: significant wave height; DWAL: dominant wavelength; DWAD: dominant wave direction.

    Figure  7.  2D directional wave spectrum of surface waves investigation and monitoring products. “Leftbox220” in the title means that it is the 220th left box in this orbit data; “2019.06.06 03:05:30.2 UTC” represents the average time of this box, “lon” and “lat” represent longitude and latitude, respectively, and x and y axes represent the wavenumbers. The gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The line through the center represents different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region. SWH: significant wave height; DWAL: dominant wavelength; DWAD: dominant wave direction.

    Figure  8.  2D directional wave spectrum of WaveWatch III products. The “2019.06.06 03:00:00.0 UTC” in the title represents the time of the wave spectrum, “lon” and “lat” represent longitude and latitude, respectively, and x and y axes represent the wavenumbers. The gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The line through the center represents different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region. SWH: significant wave height; DWAL: dominant wavelength; DWAD: dominant wave direction.

    Figure  9.  The wave spectra of surface waves investigation and monitoring (SWIM) products (a), spectral classification-threshold control (SCTC) method (b) and national data buoy center (NDBC) Buoy 44005 (c). Titles of subfigures represent the time of the wave spectrum, “lon” and “lat” represent longitude and latitude of the wave spectrum, respectively, and x and y axes represent the wavenumbers. The gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The line through the center represents different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region.

    Figure  10.  The wave spectra of surface waves investigation and monitoring (SWIM) products (a), spectral classification-threshold control (SCTC) method (b) and national data buoy center (NDBC) Buoy 44025 (c). Titles of subfigures represent the time of the wave spectrum, “lon” and “lat” represent longitude and latitude of the wave spectrum, respectively, and x and y axes represent the wavenumbers. The gray concentric circles represent different wavelengths, and the wavelengths of the same concentric circles are equal. The line through the center represents different wave directions from 0° to 360°; the colors in the figure represent the spectral size (~m2) of the corresponding region.

    Figure  11.  Difference in the significant wave height (SWH) error ratio between the spectral classification-threshold control (SCTC) method and surface waves investigation and monitoring (SWIM) products. The abscissa represents the 2D directional wave spectrum sequence involved in comparison, and the ordinate represents difference between SCTC method products and SWIM products ($ ano $) in Eq. (8). A positive ordinate means the 2D directional wave spectrum of SCTC method products is closer to the referenced data than the SWIM products, whereas a negative ordinate indicates the opposite.

    Figure  12.  Difference in dominant wavelength (DWAL) error ratio between the spectral classification-threshold control (SCTC) method and surface waves investigation and monitoring (SWIM) products. The abscissa represents the 2D directional wave spectrum sequence involved in comparison, and the ordinate represents difference between SCTC method products and SWIM products ($ano $) in Eq. (8). A positive ordinate means the 2D directional wave spectrum of SCTC method products is closer to the referenced data than the SWIM products, whereas a negative ordinate indicates the opposite.

    Figure  13.  Difference in dominant wavelength (DWAD) error ratio between the spectral classification-threshold control (SCTC) method and surface waves investigation and monitoring (SWIM) products. The abscissa represents the 2D directional wave spectrum sequence involved in comparison, and the ordinate represents difference between SCTC method products and SWIM products (ano) in Eq. (8). A positive ordinate means the 2D directional wave spectrum of SCTC method products is closer to the referenced data than the SWIM products, whereas a negative ordinate indicates the opposite.

    Table  1.   Main parameters of a nominal macrocycle (Hauser et al., 2021)

    VariableBeam 0°Beam 2°Beam 4°Beam 6°Beam 8°Beam 10°
    Time duration/ms55.422.622.634.440.544.2
    Number of integrated echoes2649797156186204
    Number of averaged range bins144233
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    Table  2.   The comparison results on November 26, 2019

    SWH/m$ {ano}_{{\rm{SWH}}} $DWAL/m$ {ano}_{\mathrm{DWAL}} $DWAD/(°)$ {ano}_{\mathrm{DWAD}} $
    Buoy3.62275.90110.00
    SWIM products3.897.46%164.9140.23%114.373.97%
    SCTC results3.856.35%268.072.84%108.541.33%
    Note: SWIM: surface waves investigation and monitoring; SCTC: spectral classification-threshold control; SWH: significant wave height; DWAL: dominant wavelength: DWAD: dominant wave direction. − represents no data.
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table  3.   The comparison results on December 9, 2019

    SWH/m$ {ano}_{{\rm{SWH}}} $DWAL/m$ {ano}_{\rm{DWAL}} $DWAD/(°)$ {ano}_{\rm{DWAD}} $
    Buoy1.85107.45105.00
    SWIM products2.0410.27%154.9144.17%136.9030.38%
    SCTC results1.812.16%113.926.02%110.725.45%
    Note: SWIM: surface waves investigation and monitoring; SCTC: spectral classification-threshold control; SWH: significant wave height; DWAL: dominant wavelength: DWAD: dominant wave direction. − represents no data.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-05
  • 录用日期:  2022-09-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-01-17
  • 刊出日期:  2023-01-25

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