Origin of Cu in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field from the eastern Manus back-arc basin: evidence from mass balance modeling

Ma Yao; Wang Xiaoyuan; Chen Shuai; Yin Xuebo; Zhu Bowen; Guo Kun; Zeng Zhigang

doi:10.1007/s13131-019-1475-z

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Article Navigation > Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2019 > 38(9): 59-70

Ma Yao, Wang Xiaoyuan, Chen Shuai, Yin Xuebo, Zhu Bowen, Guo Kun, Zeng Zhigang. Origin of Cu in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field from the eastern Manus back-arc basin: evidence from mass balance modeling[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2019, 38(9): 59-70. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1475-z

Citation:

Ma Yao, Wang Xiaoyuan, Chen Shuai, Yin Xuebo, Zhu Bowen, Guo Kun, Zeng Zhigang. Origin of Cu in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field from the eastern Manus back-arc basin: evidence from mass balance modeling[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2019, 38(9): 59-70. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1475-z

Citation:

Ma Yao, Wang Xiaoyuan, Chen Shuai, Yin Xuebo, Zhu Bowen, Guo Kun, Zeng Zhigang. Origin of Cu in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field from the eastern Manus back-arc basin: evidence from mass balance modeling[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2019, 38(9): 59-70. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1475-z

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Origin of Cu in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field from the eastern Manus back-arc basin: evidence from mass balance modeling

doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1475-z

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China;Ocean Science Isotope and Geochronology Center, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received Date: 2018-09-11

Abstract

Abstract

Hydrothermal precipitates associated with active vents in the eastern Manus Basin, an actively opening back-arc basin in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea, are among the most Cu-rich on the modern seafloor. The volcanic rocks associated with this mineralization may be insufficiently enriched in Cu to account for the Cu content of the sulfides by simple leaching. The PACMANUS hydrothermal field lies in the eastern portion of the eastern Manus Basin. Mass balance modeling of the PACMANUS hydrothermal system indicates that simple leaching of a stationary reaction zone (0.144 km³) by hydrothermal fluids cannot yield the Cu found in associated sulfide deposits because unacceptably high leaching, transportation and precipitation efficiencies are required to derive the Cu in sulfides by leaching processes. With 100% leaching, transport and precipitating efficiency, 0.166 km³ of volcanic rocks would need to be leached to account for the Cu budget of hydrothermal sulfide deposits. The key requirement for forming metal-rich magmatic fluids is a large amount of metals available to enter the exsolved vapor phase. Magmas generated in the eastern Manus Basin inherently have high fO₂ because of metasomatism of the mantle source by oxidized materials from the subducted slab, leading to copper enrichment in the magma chamber. Moreover, the presence of Cu in gas-rich melt inclusi on bubbles in Pual Ridge andesite is evidence that degassing and partitioning of Cu into the magmatic volatile phase has occurred in the eastern Manus Basin. Numerical mass balance modeling indicates that approximately 0.236 Mt Cu was potentially transferred to the hydrothermal system per cubic kilometer magma. Magmatic degassing seems to play a more significant role than leaching.
- back-arc basin,
- mass balance model,
- PACMANUS hydrothermal field,
- source of Cu

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References(81)

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